A reader wrote asking about the earliest reference to the age of Moses in Exodus, and the emailed reply is given here for others wondering about this riddle. The Bible does not state the age of Moses when he left his mother to be raised as a son of the daughter of Pharaoh. The timeline of his first 40 years happens very quickly in Exodus 2. Moses was born as documented in Exodus 2:2 and that was in 1571 B.C., and Exodus 2:9 points out that he was being nursed. It could have been months or several years before he was weaned based on customs for nursing in those times, yet we would only be guessing.

The next reference to his age is two verses later in Exodus 2:11, and he was suddenly "grown" and within a few more verses (a matter of days, not months or years) he leaves Egypt at age 40. That was in 1531 B.C. The childhood life of Moses and even his adult life to age 40 presents very little detail. Those periods of time reveal as much (or as little) as the Holy Spirit deemed necessary in God's overall plan.

Skipping ahead to the very next chapter in Exodus 3 when Moses meets God in the wilderness, he is now 80 and first called by God into service. The year is 1491 B.C. The rest of Exodus, all of Leviticus, and part of the book of Numbers take place between 1491 and 1490 B.C. The next leap in the timeline will be covered later in Numbers where we learn that between two verses suddenly 37-1/2 years pass which may not be obvious to the casual reader based on the context there.

Details will be provided in a later Bible lesson when studying the book of Numbers. The first verse subject is current to the year 1491 B.C. and the very next mentions the death of Miriam, the sister of Moses. Knowing the year Miriam died (within months prior to Israel entering the Promised Land) provides the clue to accurately calculate those "missing" or undocumented 37-1/2 years between those two verses.

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Another article and Bible study from the book of Exodus was just released and discusses additional laws beyond the 10 commandments as given to Moses, plus instructions for building the ark of the covenant and tabernacle. A list given in the article identifies the key chapters and verses of Exodus with these additional laws:

Exodus chapter 21:1-32 are laws regarding persons.
Exodus verses 21:33 to 22:15 are laws regarding property.
Exodus expands on these in more detail in chapters 22 and 23.

Moses ascended Mount Sinai 6 times and met personally with God. Though the Bible states "face to face", Moses was in His presence and never did see the face of God. He is told later in Exodus that "No man can see the face of God and live.", so there is no contradiction in Scripture as some skeptics try to prove.

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In the Hebrew month Sivan in 1491 B.C. the ten commandments were first given to the children of Israel verbally prior to them being written in stone by God. A new article on the main site entitled Ten Commandments and Bible Structure is a study of the 10 commandments as spoken by God from Mount Sinai, and then a look at this and other examples of divine Bible structure from the original manuscripts in Hebrew.

Here's an excerpt from the article:

Soon after the verbal presentation of the ten commandments, Moses ascends Mount Sinai for 40 days and receives the first set of tablets formed and written by God with the commandments etched in stone. It is incredible that in 6 weeks after God telling the children of Israel, in person, "Thou shalt have no other gods before me" that they grew impatient waiting for Moses to return, and molded a golden calf to worship.

The word "before" in the commandment above does not mean "ahead of", but is translated from the Hebrew phrase al paniym (al paw-NEEM) with al meaning above, over, upon, or against, and paniym meaning the face. No wonder 3,000 men were put to death by the sword (Exodus 32:28) and another 20,000 died immediately from pestilence (1 Corinthians 10:8) as punishment for violating this commandment so soon after it was given.

There are consequences for violating what God expects, and this ancient lesson is valid for people today. The death of 23,000 may not be a story you hear in Sunday School, yet seek God by reading the Bible for wisdom and understanding to learn the reasoning and importance of these lessons for modern times.

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Another article and Bible study of the book of Exodus continues with the journey of Israel into the wilderness after the parting of the Red Sea. Despite miracles shown to the people of Israel in Egypt, leaders Moses and Aaron are faced with stiffnecked people to the point of mutiny.

The lesson for Christians in the article Israel Murmuring Against Moses and Aaron is to recognize the tiny miracles and thank God for what you do have instead of worrying about what you lack.

Hebrew words including place names as used in Exodus that were not translated to English, are explained for clearer meaning of some verses. One in particular is interesting. Manna, food from heaven, literally means "What is that?".

Complaints to the point of mutiny are unnecessary for Christians. God will never leave you or forsake you. In times of trouble when all seems hopeless, He may be forming some aspect of your character in preparation for eternal life, yet He promises that there will always be a way out. Be patient and have faith by putting full trust in Jesus Christ.

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The next Bible study article covering Exodus was released entitled Exodus and Parting of the Red Sea, and documents the first week of Exodus day by day from the departure, journey, and the freedom of Israel from bondage in Egypt with the parting of the Red Sea.

As a young man I waterskied and swam in the Red Sea on the western coast of what is now Eritrea. A group of us snorkled from shore to an island 3 miles out, also, and although this site is 100's of miles south of the place where the children of Israel passed over on dry land, the experience helps put the miracle in perspective.

The entire first week of Exodus article is here, and concludes with an analogy comparing crossing the Red Sea and Christian baptism.

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The next Bible study article covering Exodus was released entitled Tenth Devastating Plague in Egypt here, and discusses the pass over or death of all firstborn in Egypt. In addition, it compares Passover and Easter with the following excerpt about Easter:

The Greek word translated to Easter is pascha (PAS-khah) which is of Chaldee origin, and it means "passover" to include the meal, day, and festival. In the original Greek manuscripts of the New Testament the word "pascha" occurs in 27 verses 29 times. In each instance it is translated to English as "passover" except for the single occurence of "Easter" in Acts 12:4.

The earliest Christians only had the original manuscripts in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Chaldee for the Old Testament and Greek for the New Testament. Easter was introduced in the Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible long before the first English translation or later King James Authorized Version (KJV) in 1611.

Easter was a pagan holiday introduced in part to the church to attract unbelievers to Christianity, and it became tradition. The King James authors used the Latin Vulgate which is how the word pascha was mistranslated as Easter in Acts 12:4. By knowing the difference now, it makes sense for Christians to celebrate Passover, yet keep in mind that our true Passover sacrifice is now Christ. Be wary of the traditions of mankind, and keep in His Word to understand that some Old Testament traditions were nailed to the cross, and today communion is the Passover celebration for Christians.

Bible translations in English contain errors, yet by going back to the original manuscript languages Bible students gain clearer understanding of truth in God's Holy Word. Read the full Bible study article on Passover and Easter here.

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The next Bible study from Exodus was released earlier. Read the full article First Nine of Ten Plagues in Egypt on the main site.

This study provides lessons from Exodus for Christians today, and reviews the actions of Aaron and Moses in 1491 B.C. when demanding that the Pharaoh of Egypt "let my people go" from bondage. The first 9 plagues are explained from a historical perspective with insights as to their structure and significance.

The origin and meaning of certain Hebrew words and phrases translated to English is presented, as well. As one example, the recurring concept in Exodus that God "hardened" Pharaoh's heart comes from three different words in Hebrew, each with slightly different yet similar meanings.

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As one of the greatest prophets in Bible history, the life of Moses from birth to age 80 is short on details. Two thirds of the life of Moses is all captured in Exodus chapter 2, and this is before he became a prophet and servant of God. As the author of the first 5 books of the Bible, the Pentateuch, as inspired by the Holy Spirit, it's amazing when you learn about Moses and realize his close relationship to God began at such a late point in his life.

More details were just released on the main site in a new article, so read about the Life of Moses from Birth to Age 80 here.

Taken from Exodus 2 and 3, phrases in English taken back to the original languages of the manuscripts include explanations of Hebrew for "I AM WHAT I AM", and an interesting study of the word "of" in reference to the "angel of the LORD".

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The next Bible study and first article covering the book of Exodus was just published, so follow this link to read the article Patriarch Deaths and Israel in Bondage on the main site.

Besides details and historical dates, the article documents the growth of the family of Jacob from 70 persons entering Egypt as honored guests, and eventually slavery, to nearly 2 million when they left.

The sons of Jacob, who was renamed Israel by God, were the 12 patriarchs and all died in Egypt.

The article concludes with a comment stating "Covenants made and broken by ancient people in relationship to God are a common theme throughout the Old Testament", and helps put the New Testament into perspective.

It's interesting to note that the word "testament" was a poor translation to English in 1611 by the KJV team and was taken from a Latin root. More accurate titles of the two major divisions of the Christian Bible would be Old Covenant and New Covenant.

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